Canada Student Visa (10 Steps)

10 Steps to Canada Student Visa

1. Find a University (Search or attend a Counselor Session with a Consultant)

2. Submit your initial Admission application

3. Once Offer letter received, check it properly and than accept

4. Pay your fist year tuition fees

5. Organize a Bank Statement

6. Lodge your visa application online

7. Receive your visa, Check everything on it

8. Plan your journey to Canada

9. Collect as much as info about Canada you can

10. Reach Canada and report to University

If you need any further guidance, do comment below..................

Canada Immigration (Alberta Express Entry)

Canada Immigration (Alberta Express Entry)

Alberta is set to launch an Express Entry stream in January, 2018, allowing the province to use a portion of its allocation for the Alberta Immigrant Nominee Program (AINP) to nominate candidates in Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada’s (IRCC’s) Express Entry pool.

In doing so, Alberta will finally join most other provinces in having at least one Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) stream aligned with Express Entry. By January, it will have been three years since IRCC’s Express Entry system first came into operation.

At this time, the eligibility criteria for Alberta Express Entry have not been publicly disclosed.

Express Entry candidates who receive a provincial nomination through an Express Entry-aligned stream, also known as an enhanced nomination or stream, receive 600 additional Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) points and an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residence at a subsequent draw from the pool. An enhanced provincial nomination is the single most valuable factor under the CRS.

Under Canada’s Immigration Levels Plan for 2017, a target of up to 54,000 new permanent residents arriving through PNPs has been set for 2017. The AINP is authorized by IRCC to issue up to 5,500 nomination certificates this year. When the government’s new immigration levels plan is announced (it is expected on or before November 1, 2017), there may be scope for increased settlement through PNPs, including the AINP. At this time, it is not publicly known how many nominations may be issued under the AINP Express Entry stream.

This news was not the only update from AINP sources today, as earlier in the day a new Opportunity stream, not aligned with Express Entry, was announced. This stream will also become active in the new year.

“Immigrants are a valued part of our workforce and communities. Helping them settle successfully is crucial to the ongoing prosperity of our province,” said labour minister, Christina Gray.

“These changes will simplify processes, reduce wait times and make it more fair for applicants across all sectors to apply for permanent residency in Alberta.”

Alberta’s population stands at just over four million, with more than half of all residents residing in Calgary or Edmonton.

Canada Immigration (Alberta PNP Program)

Canada Immigration (Alberta PNP Program)

Alberta is set to launch an Express Entry stream in January, 2018, allowing the province to use a portion of its allocation for the Alberta Immigrant Nominee Program (AINP) to nominate candidates in Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada’s (IRCC’s) Express Entry pool.

In doing so, Alberta will finally join most other provinces in having at least one Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) stream aligned with Express Entry. By January, it will have been three years since IRCC’s Express Entry system first came into operation.

At this time, the eligibility criteria for Alberta Express Entry have not been publicly disclosed.

Express Entry candidates who receive a provincial nomination through an Express Entry-aligned stream, also known as an enhanced nomination or stream, receive 600 additional Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) points and an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residence at a subsequent draw from the pool. An enhanced provincial nomination is the single most valuable factor under the CRS.

Under Canada’s Immigration Levels Plan for 2017, a target of up to 54,000 new permanent residents arriving through PNPs has been set for 2017. The AINP is authorized by IRCC to issue up to 5,500 nomination certificates this year. When the government’s new immigration levels plan is announced (it is expected on or before November 1, 2017), there may be scope for increased settlement through PNPs, including the AINP. At this time, it is not publicly known how many nominations may be issued under the AINP Express Entry stream.

This news was not the only update from AINP sources today, as earlier in the day a new Opportunity stream, not aligned with Express Entry, was announced. This stream will also become active in the new year.

“Immigrants are a valued part of our workforce and communities. Helping them settle successfully is crucial to the ongoing prosperity of our province,” said labour minister, Christina Gray.

“These changes will simplify processes, reduce wait times and make it more fair for applicants across all sectors to apply for permanent residency in Alberta.”

Alberta’s population stands at just over four million, with more than half of all residents residing in Calgary or Edmonton.

CyberSecurity - The OSI Model

THE OSI Model

The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model is used to describe networking protocols. Because it is rarely implemented in actual networks, it is considered a reference to standardize the development of actual networks. OSI was the first nonproprietary open definition for networking.

The OSI model defines groups of functionality required for network computers into layers, with each layer implementing a standard protocol for its functionality. There are seven layers in the OSI model

1. Application

2. Presentation

3. Session

4. Transport

5. Network

6. Data Link

7. Physical

 Each OSI layer performs a specific function for the network:

physical layer—Manages signals among network systems

Data link layer—Divides data into frames that can be transmitted by the physical layer network layer—Translates network addresses and routes data from sender to receiver Transport layer—Ensures that data are transferred reliably in the correct sequence Session layer—Coordinates and manages user connections

presentation layer—Formats, encrypts and compresses data

Application layer—Mediates between software applications and other layers of network services

TCP/IP

The protocol suite used as the de facto standard for the Internet is known as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The TCP/IP suite includes both network-oriented protocols and application support protocols. Exhibit 3.4 shows some of the standards associated with the TCP/IP suite and where these

fit within the OSI model. It is interesting to note that the TCP/IP set of protocols was developed before the OSI

framework; therefore, there is no direct match between the TCP/IP standards and the layers of the framework.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is the process of adding addressing information to data as it is transmitted down the OSI stack. Each layer relies on the services provided by the layer below. Each layer of the OSI model only communicates with its destination peer. It does so using datagrams or Protocol Data Units (PDUs). 

Upper layer data are passed down to the transport layer as segments and are“wrapped” with a header for identification.

These segments are passed down to the network layer as packets again with a header. Data are broken down to frames at the data link layer and also have control information appended. At the physical layer, data take the form of bits

(1s and 0s) for delivery to destination network.

Once at the destination—each layer on the receiving end strips off the appropriate addressing information and passes it up the OSI stack until the message is delivered. This process is called decapsulation.

Communication services at layer 4 are categorized as either connection-oriented or connectionless. TCP provides reliable, sequenced delivery with error-checking. Connections are established using a three-way handshake, and thus are connection-oriented, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless protocol used where speed is more important than error-checking and guaranteed delivery. UDP does use checksums

Cyprus Student Visa Step By Step

Cyprus Student Visa Step By Step

We are experienced ad trained consultant for Cyprus Student Visa. Below are steps to apply for Cyprus Visa. You can send your documents on ieltsonlinepak@yahoo.com for initial evaluation.

1. Send your Documents or meet one of us personally
2. Register with us
3. Apply For Admission
4. Get your Documents Attested (We will Guide you how)
5. Accept your Offer Letter
6. Organize Funds
7. Get your Medical Done
8. Pay Your Fees
9. Visa will be Issued
10. Make your travel arrangements


Post in Comments if you need any further guidance.

Canada Citizenship (New Easier Rules Implemented)

Canada Citizenship (New Easier Rules Implemented)

As of October 11, permanent residents in Canada can apply for Canadian citizenship — a process known as naturalization — more easily and sooner than before, following the implementation of key measures contained in Bill C-6, which was passed into law last June.

Whereas previously permanent residents had to accumulate at least four years of residency days out of six years prior to applying, they may now apply if they accumulate three years of residency out of five. Moreover, permanent residents who spent time in Canada as a foreign worker, international student, or protected person before transitioning to permanent residence may count a portion of this time towards the residency days requirement, where each day spent in Canada on temporary status counts as half a day, up to a maximum of 365 days.

In addition, as of October 11 the government no longer requires applicants for citizenship to be physically present in Canada for 183 days or more in four out of the six years preceding their application, as was the case before.

Speaking in Brampton, Ontario last week, federal Minister of Immigration Ahmed Hussen, himself a naturalized citizen of Canada, said that, “We want all permanent residents in Canada to become citizens. That’s our wish, because we value Canadian citizenship, we understand we are a community that continues to welcome people from all over the world. And we understand the importance and the positive role that immigrants play in our economy, in our society, and in our cultural life.”

The Minister’s comments highlight that, except in exceptional circumstances in international adoption cases, citizenship is a status that may only be obtained after an individual becomes a permanent resident of Canada.

Other changes to the Citizenship Act also came into effect on October 11.

PREVIOUS REGULATION	NEW REGULATION
Applicants had to be physically present in Canada for four out of six years before applying for citizenship.	Applicants must be physically present in Canada for three out of five years before applying for citizenship.
Applicants had to file Canadian income taxes, if required to do so under the Income Tax Act, for four out of six years, matching the physical presence requirement.	Applicants must file Canadian income taxes, if required to do so under the Income Tax Act, for three out of five years, matching the new physical presence requirement.
Applicants had to be physically present in Canada for 183 days in four out of the six years preceding their application.	This provision is repealed. Applicants no longer have to meet this requirement.
Time spent in Canada prior to becoming a permanent resident did not count towards the physical presence requirement for citizenship.	Applicants may count each day they were physically present in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person before becoming a permanent resident as a half-day toward meeting the physical presence requirement for citizenship, up to a maximum credit of 365 days.
Applicants between 14 and 64 years had to meet the language and knowledge requirements for citizenship.	Applicants between 18 and 54 years must meet the language and knowledge requirements for citizenship.

Canadian citizens enjoy all the rights that come with that status, including the right to leave and re-enter Canada without needing to accumulate residency days, as well as the right to vote and stand for political office. Citizens may also apply for a Canadian passport, one of the most valuable passports globally.

Cybersecurity - Encryption Fundamentals

Encryption Fundamentals

Encryption is the process of converting a plaintext message into a secure-coded form of text, called ciphertext. The ciphertext cannot be understood without converting back, via decryption—the reverse process—to plaintext. This is done via a mathematical function and a special encryption/decryption password called the key. In many countries, encryption is subject to governmental laws and regulations that limit the key size or define what may not be encrypted.

Encryption is part of a broader science of secret languages called cryptography, which is generally used to:

• Protect information stored on computers from unauthorized viewing and manipulation

• Protect data in transit over networks from unauthorized interception and manipulation

• Deter and detect accidental or intentional alterations of data

• Verify authenticity of a transaction or document

Encryption is limited in that it cannot prevent the loss of data. It is possible to compromise encryption programs if encryption keys are not protected adequately. Therefore, encryption should be regarded as an essential, but incomplete, form of access control that should be incorporated into an organization’s overall computer security program.

Key Elements of Cryptographic Systems

Key elements of cryptographic systems include:

• Encryption algorithm—Mathematically based function or calculation that encrypts or decrypts data.

• Encryption key—Piece of information similar to a password that makes the encryption or decryption process unique. A user needs the correct key to access or decipher a message, as the wrong key converts the message into an unreadable form.

• key length—Predetermined length for the key. The longer the key, the more difficult it is to compromise in a brute force attack where all possible key combinations are tried.

Effective cryptographic systems depend upon a variety of factors including:

• Algorithm strength

• Secrecy and difficulty of compromising a key

• Nonexistence of back doors by which an encrypted file can be decrypted without knowing the key

• Inability to decrypt parts of a ciphertext message and prevent known plaintext attacks

• Properties of the plaintext known by a perpetrator

Key Systems

There are two types of cryptographic systems:

• Symmetric key Systems—These use single, secret, bidirectional keys that encrypt and decrypt.

• Asymmetric key Systems—These use pairs of unidirectional, complementary keys that only encrypt or decrypt. Typically, one of these keys is secret, and the other is publicly known.

Public key systems are asymmetric cryptographic systems. Most encrypted transactions over the Internet use a combination of private/public keys, secret keys, hash functions (fixed values derived mathematically from a text message) and digital certificates (that prove ownership of a public encryption key) to achieve confidentiality, message integrity, authentication and nonrepudiation by either sender or recipient (also known as a public key infrastructure [PKI]). Essentially, keys and hash values are used to transform a string of characters into a shorter or fixed-length value or key that represents the original string. This encryption process allows data to be stored and transported with reduced exposure so data remains secure as it moves across the Internet or other networks.